What is the purpose of a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)?

A ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is specifically designed to enhance safety by interrupting the flow of electrical current in situations where a ground fault occurs. Ground faults can happen when electricity finds an unintended path to the ground, which can occur if a person comes into contact with energized components, leading to the potential for electric shock. The GFCI monitors the current flowing through a circuit and can detect imbalances between the outgoing and incoming current. When it senses an imbalance that suggests a leakage of current to the ground (indicating a ground fault), it rapidly disconnects the power, thus preventing injury and reducing the risk of electrocution.

The other options do not accurately capture the primary function of a GFCI. Voltage regulation pertains to maintaining constant voltage levels, which is unrelated to the GFCI's purpose. Enhancing energy efficiency involves using devices that lower energy consumption rather than interrupting circuits for safety. Overload protection typically involves devices such as circuit breakers or fuses, which are designed to protect against excessive current that can lead to overheating, rather than specifically addressing ground faults. Therefore, the role of a GFCI is paramount in protecting against electric shock by interrupting current flow during ground fault conditions.